Linux Basic Commands
Basic Linux commands for file management, navigation, ssh, process and network management. Learn the essential commands you need to perform daily tasks on your Linux system.
File Commands | |
ls | List Files and Directories |
ls -a | List all files including hidden files |
ls -l | List files in long format |
cd /path/to/dir | Change Directory to the Specified Path |
pwd | Print Current Working Directory |
mkdir dir_name | Create a New Directory |
rmdir dir_name | Remove a Directory |
rm file_name | Remove a File |
rm -r dir_name | Remove a Directory and its Contents |
touch file_name | Create a New File |
cat file_name | View the Contents of a File |
cp file_name target_file | Copy a file |
mv file_name target_file | Move and renames file |
SSH (Secure Shell) Commands | |
ssh user@host | Connect to a Remote Server using SSH |
ssh user@host -p port | Connect to a Remote Server using SSH with a Custom Port |
ssh-keygen -t rsa | Generate an SSH Key Pair |
Process Commands | |
ps | List Running Processes |
ps aux | grep process_name | List Processes with a Specific Name |
top | Display Running Processes |
kill pid | Kill a Process |
killall process_name | Kill All Processes with a Specific Name |
Search Commands | |
grep pattern files | Search for a Pattern in Files |
grep -r pattern dir | Search for a Pattern in Directories Recursively |
find /dir -name name* | Find Files and Directories with a Specific Name |
locate file_name | Find Files and Directories with a Specific Name |
File Permissions Commands | |
chmod +x file_name | Add Execution Permission to a File |
chmod 755 file_name | Set Read & Execute Permissions -> Owner and read -> others |
chown user:group file_name | Change Owner and Group of a File |
Network Commands | |
ping host | Send a Ping Request to a Host |
traceroute host | Display the Route Packets Taken to Network Host |
ifconfig | Display all network interfaces and IP addresses |
netstat -tulpn | Display listening ports and their application |
Archive & Compression Commands | |
tar cf archive_name.tar files | Create a Tar Archive from Files |
tar xf archive_name.tar | Extract Files from a Tar Archive |
gzip file_name | Compress a File and renames it to file_name.gz |
gunzip file_name.gz | Un-compress a File back |
System Info & Management Commands | |
uname -a | Display Operating System Details |
df -h | Display Disk Usage in human readable format |
du -sh dir_name | Display Disk Usage of a Directory in human readable format |
free -h | Display Free Memory in human readable format |
Package Management Commands (Debian/Ubuntu) | |
sudo apt-get update | Update the package list |
sudo apt-get upgrade | Upgrade all packages |
sudo apt-get install package_name | Install a Package |
sudo apt-get remove package_name | Remove a Package |
sudo apt-get purge package_name | Remove a Package and its Configuration |
sudo apt-get autoremove | Remove Unused Packages |
Text Editor Commands | |
nano file_name | Open a File in Nano Text Editor |
vim file_name | Open a File in Vim Text Editor |